Adam Smith free essay sample

Adam Smith is without a doubt one of the most praised researchers ever since his progressive hypotheses on exchange changed the manner in which individuals occupied with business and at last the job of government in directing exchange inside and without. Adam Smith was chafed by the commercial arrangements that looked to advance the amassing of gold and silver and which underscored exacting government control on exchange and the progression of assets and work. Also he didn't see horticulture as the main methods for society to fulfill its methods and in his view such particular contemplations restricted development everything being equal. Smith trusted in an arrangement of common freedom whose end he accepted would be successful exchange and critical development of exchange through development of parts. He accepted that people ought to be permitted to seek after their individual enthusiasm since as he would like to think this individual intrigue consistently winds up profiting the entire of society. We will compose a custom paper test on Adam Smith or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This framework likewise has the ability to address uneven characters that may result out of facilitated commerce. This is on the grounds that a decrease in the gracefully of a ware would result into expanded interest for that item coming about into an expanded expense of the ware prompting expanded creation of the equivalent so as to harvest the expanded benefit. This would thusly prompt an expansion in rivalry among the providers bringing down the cost of the product. This opposition among brokers forestalls monopolistic conduct that would prompt abuse of buyers. Smith clarified that for extraordinary profitability to be accomplished, personal circumstance would prompt division of work offering ascend to specialization to specific undertakings. This thusly prompts incredible expertise in the specific errands, sparing of significant time and truly necessary developments. Smith felt that abundance of countries was impacted by the measure of exchange that existed between the occupants of towns and those in ranches. He considered it to be being indispensable for such exchange to exist to give market to both their wares. On the individuals who felt that absence of government impedance may lead some to different nations where work is less expensive, he felt that they would be halted from doing as such because of their nationalistic sentiments and this will be at last to benefit the nations. Work Cited Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, vol. 39. Chicago, Ill.: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 195 Adam Smith free paper test Adams Smith was a well known teacher of good brain science who set out basic standards planned the free the personal circumstance of the normal working man. Adam Smith is celebrated for his â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†, in light of the fact that it is one of the contemporary financial thoughts.â Adam Smith was conceived in a little town arranged in Scotland. He was raised by a bereaved mother until entering the University of Glasgow. He began learning at the University at fourteen years old and such practice was regular in those occasions. Ten he went to Balliol College at Oxford. Smith graduated with appropriate information in European writing and got back. In the wake of conveying addresses, he turned into a seat of rationale and good way of thinking at the University of Glasgow[1].In 1764 Adam Smith chose to leave the scholarly world and to every youthful duke of Buccleuch. Together they had been going for a long time all through Switzerland and France. It was an encounter that â€Å"brought Smith into contact with counterparts Voltaire, Francois Quesnay, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Jacques Turgot†[2]. We will compose a custom paper test on Adam Smith or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Serving duke, Smith earned life annuity and in the wake of resigning he composed â€Å"The Wealth of Nation† being distributed right off the bat in 177. American Declaration of Independence was additionally marked for the current year. Later smith was selected chief of customs, however that position was awkward for him. It is realized that Adam Smith had never been hitched. He kicked the bucket in 1790, July 19.Smith’s works and thoughts are probably going to be the rules of bedrock of the American financial achievement. Smith gave data how to get by in industrialist nation and to remain humane[3]. His thoughts on economy and prosperity are significant for understanding the developing distress being experienced by American society.â Smith’s thoughts were vital to the vision of the Founding Fathers. Along these lines, his thoughts discovered reasonable application in American country. American dream these days is fundamentally amplified by globalization forms, innovation advancements, however social great is paid less attention[4].Actually, Adam Smith is regarded for his endeavors to clarify the sound personal circumstance as far as free-advertise economy promotion how personal responsibility prompts financial turn of events and prosperity. Along these lines, Smith thoughts may appear as savage independence focused on morals and good cause. It is conceded that Smith’s hypothesis depends for the most part on science of human conduct. Genuinely, Adam Smith was the first to defend the human senses and wants inside the monetary system. Whybrow refers to Smith contending that contemporary society is driven without anyone else love and personal responsibility to accomplish the ideal results. Most people are dedicated and clever ready to accomplish incredible social advantages. Smith affirms that it is simply the nature safeguarding. The fundamental supplement is the instinctual interest meaning the craving to investigate new places. Accomplishment of market society relies upon individuals’ majority rule governments and freedoms just as the opportunity of articulation. Adams summed up the keys to social enhancements recommending they were interest, personal responsibility, self-conservation, material gains and communicated ambitions.Adam Smith composed: â€Å"How narrow minded soever man might be assumed, there are obviously a few standards in his temperament which intrigue him in the fortune of others and render their satisfaction important to him however he gets nothing from it aside from the joy of seeing it†[5]. As it is referenced above, Smith was fairly keen on clarification of personal responsibility. In this way, he unequivocally questioned thought that personal responsibility or self esteem was â€Å"was a guideline which would never be ethical in any degree†[6].Smith however that life of people would be extreme and troublesome if humans’ â€Å"affections, which, by the very idea of our being, should as often as possible to impact our direct, could upon no event seem righteous, or merit regard and honor from anybody†[7]. He considered the thoughts of compassion and personal circumstance moral and expressed they supplemented one another. He clarified that â€Å"man has practically consistent event for the assistance of his brethren, and it is futile for him to expect it from their generosity only[8]†. Subsequently, good cause alone couldn't improve the nature of living. Further, personal responsibility could cure and basically improve living: â€Å"It isn't from the kindheartedness of the butcher, the brewer, or the dough puncher, that we can anticipa te our supper, yet from their respect to their own interest†[9].Smith contended that an individual winning cash would profit himself, yet in addition advantage society as gaining pay in serious market proposed that he created something important for to other people. Smith asserted that it was important to coordinate industry so that it would deliver the best qualities to have the option to advance financial prosperity. â€Å"The Wealth of the Nations: uncovers the thoughts of causes and results of American thriving. As per Smith, the principle reason of success is globalization and division of work. Smith’s acclaimed case of flourishing depends on pins.The focal thought of Smith was to discover how work and different assets ought to be applied the best to give individual am chance to profit. Smith contended that individual would contribute any asset, for example, land or work so as to get the best yield on it. Accordingly, utilization of assets should yield an equivalent pace of return. Something else, re-designation should happen. This thought is focal recommendation to monetary turn of events. Utilizing fairness of profits, Smith attempted to clarify the distinction in wage rates. Smith asserted that pay rates would be higher for dealers, since they needed to learn a lot and they wouldn’t be roused in landing that position on the off chance that they weren’t repaid by high wages. As a matter of fact, human capital depends on this concept.Also wage rates ought to be higher for individuals whose employments are related with lack of sanitization and threat †butchering, coal mining, executioner, and so forth they perform loathsome occupation and, in this way, ought to be remunerated higher.  Briefly, contrasts in compensation rates ought to be founded on contrasts in work quirks. Smith’s hypothesis , for instance, in Smith’s fourth book of â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† he â€Å"tells Great Britain that her American settlements are not worth the expense of keeping†. He clarified that British dominion proposed exorbitantly high costs[10].It is realized that Adam Smith was against mercantilism expressing that the act of fake upkeep of exchange surplus wouldn’t improve nations’ prosperity and would wrong exertion. Smith accepted that the primary preferred position of exchange was that it gave new markets to excess of merchandise and ventures at less expense from abroad. In such a manner he propelled progression of facilitated commerce financial specialists who worked out the idea of near bit of leeway (David Ricardo and John Stuart Mill). Adam Smith additionally understood the job of government in financial execution of the nation . He asserted that the administration needed to implement award licenses and agreements in or

ROADMAP for WORLD CLASS AFP Essay Essays

Guide for WORLD CLASS AFP Essay Essays Guide for WORLD CLASS AFP Essay Guide for WORLD CLASS AFP Essay The Armed Forces of the Philippines Transformation Roadmap ( AFPTR ) are of import part of our program to run into our yearning to go a universe classification military. We hope to develop a solid military. to be to the full crucial. proficient. credibly prepared and amazingly antiphonal to the innovative. reasoning and sociological changes. I accept we can achieve our vision to go universe classification military that is a start of national pride by 2028. The AFP can make these finishes. by first. connection to the constituents of the transmutation guide. second. through the solid help of the partners and third. through the supreme committedness of the main. The AFPTR depends on the Performance Governance System ( PGS ) which is a variant of Harvard’s Balanced Scorecard model into neighborhood fortunes of the Philippines. ( OJ5. 2014 ) The AFP founded changes dependent on the principles of good organization and open introduction greatness. AFPTR has three cardinal constituents. preeminent. Contract Statement. which sets and characterizes the key method to arraign. Second. System Map which diagrams the vital points and characterizes the interrelatedness among these points. Third. Administration Scorecard to ensure that the vital points are accomplished and the 2028 vision is figured it out. ( OJ5. 2014 ) The AFP has set up three base cantonments along the way that must be accomplished to gain nearer to the 2028 vision. By the terminal of 2016. to the full crucial AFP. By 2022. a solid and feasible military in the Pacific part. The ultimate objective for 2028 is to go a world-class military. In crucial AFP. one start of wariness. is the mission able in regional barrier. curiously able in securing the state from hostility or attack. this is a direct result of our constrained assets and supplies. To go to this activity. the AFP needs to reinforce security confederations and organization with different states through supported respective and diserse fights and continuous commitment in the United Nations plan or missions. Another is through plan arrangement of an insignificant conceivable safeguard that could empower the specialists to ensure the national inclusion by disheartening and hindering intrusion or conceivable attack. ( OJ5. AFP Strategic Planning System. 2014 ) Sing constrained assets. the AFP’s point is to uplift strong planning. budgetary subject. transparence and answerability with a vital venture of building up a monetary and asset assessment. To be a start of national pride. the AFP needs to make a solid effort to win the Black Marias and leaders of the individuals each piece great as to pick up the help of the partners. The AFP needs to create and pass on an exchange name picture reliable with its core esteems. grant. administration and patriotism. The AFP other than perceives the jussive state of mind of making out and to indict with cardinal partners. Blending to President Aquino† This is the reason we are indicting grouped partners in our tranquility and security endeavors. The AFP Internal Peace and Security Plan ( IPSP ) open up boundless for people’s commitment in indicating. deciding. what's more, guaranting national harmony and security. It recognizes that the pieces of every single specialists authority. common society association. what's more, even neighborhood network. are basic in perceiving our basic goal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( World Wide Web. scribd. com/doc/46302366/AFP-Internal-Peace-and-Security-Plan-IPSP-BAYANIHAN. 2010 ) The time span of the IPSP is six mature ages. from 2011 to 2016. which is intended to render socialist revolt immaterial by 2016. in any case. at present. their quality stayed about the equivalent. ( Mallari. 2013 ) Despite this. Head of Staff General Bautista said â€Å"These are non our guidelines now for mensurating our performance†¦ we are taking a gander at the serene status in various localities†¦if there is improvement. in the event that there is financial progression in the nation that is the ultimate† . ( Mallari. 2013 ) Another start of apprehensiveness is the regular modification in driving. The AFPTR has adjusted a since a long time ago run and key assault to administration. This will gracefully stableness to the plans and strategies of the AFP which will work as an attendant for the key priorities of the wining driving and henceforth will non be character driven. In choice. the vision to go a world-class military by 2008. albeit daring and goal-oriented is accomplishable. through appropriate execution or executing of AFPTR. devoted committedness of the main and solid help of grouped partners. This organization model will join and fit the various plans and exercises of the AFP. With IPSP detached to the masses. it implies the AFP’s plan to pull on the help of the wide range of partners. The worldview removal comparable to IPSP of winning the harmony rather than just show signs of improvement ofing the foe will peak to security. improvement and progression. Notices ( 2010 ) . Recovered from World Wide Web. scribd. com/doc/46302366/AFP-Internal-Peace-and-Security-Plan-IPSP-BAYANIHAN. Mallari. M. J. ( 2013. July 12 ) . IPSP†BAYANIHAN† A FAILURE. Concedes AFP CHIEF. THE DAILY TRIBUNE. OJ5. ( 2014 ) . AFP Strategic Planning System. Quezon City. OJ5. ( 2014 ) . AFP Strategic Road Map. Quezon City.

The Holistic Review Process-Beyond the Numbers - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

The Holistic Review Process-Beyond the Numbers - UGA Undergraduate Admissions The Holistic Review Process-Beyond the Numbers It is December, which means our holistic file reading process will begin soon. Instead of giving you a nice slice of life story which then transitions into our reason for reading files, I will just go straight into the process (except for the Rudy clip). For a large group of our applicants (ones who are not admitted based on their academics alone in November and February), we spend almost three months diving into everything in a students application to better understand them, look at them in comparison with the rest of the applicant pool, and ultimately make final decisions about our freshman class. I have had a number of comments on the blog asking what we look at in this process, so here are the areas we look at in our holistic review. I could probably write six pages worth of explanation about the process, but I have summarized each area to lessen the pain of exhaustion for the reader. There is more to our review process than just these brief descriptions though, but at least this gives you some details of the process. Activities/Involvement/Leadership The first thing you should know about activities is that we value quality over quantity. What we are looking for is somewhat about the range of what a person does, but more so the depth of their involvement. It is not about how many clubs/sports/activities you can join, but instead looking at is what things you have committed to during your high school years, both in time and in consistency. In addition, another area we look at a students dedication to family and work. At times, a student may have limited involvement in clubs, but that might be due to a dedication to their family and/or job. Writing/Creativity/Expression In the review of an applicants writing, our focus is more the writers voice, how well they communicate their ideas, and how well they show us their information, and less focus is put on grammar and structure. Yes, we still want a student to write clearly and spell check their work, but that is not the key. The other area within this part looks at a students creative side. While we see some of these items within the activities section, we want to see how a student shows their creativity. We look at their involvement in the arts, but also in the non-artistic side of things such as robotics, design, newspaper, etc. We try to get an understanding of their aesthetic side of life. We will focus more on the writing part during this review, but a students passion for creativity does come into play. Academic Review When we look at a students transcript during the holistic review process, we are trying to understand how a student has progressed over their 3+ years in high school. Have they been consistently strong throughout the years, did they start slow and then jump up to all As, did they have a tough time in a specific subject, are all their Bs low or high Bs, etc. We are looking at core grades, we are focused on the actual grades, not a GPA on a transcript, and we are looking at trends and how you have done in your most challenging classes. Strength of Curriculum/Intellectual Challenges First,there is no magic number of AP/IB/Honors/Advanced/Dual Enrollment/Post-AP classes needed for admission, because there is no right answer. Instead, we look at the academic opportunities both at your school and in your community for the answer. What I mean is, most competitive colleges are going to look at what academic options are available to you as a student, and what you have then chosen to take. What have you done within the context of what is available? We also look at summer programs (Governors Honors programs, Girls State, etc), activities which focus on developing your academic side, and how you are preparing yourself for the academic challenges at UGA. Integrity/Work Ethic/Maturity One area of admissions that is not always talked about, but which has a great impact over the entire file, is the idea of work ethic and maturity. I often refer people to a scene from the movie Rudy, where the main character never lets up, even on the last play of the last day of practice. UGA recognizes the overachiever, the one that has taken what they have been given and gone beyond everyones expectations. Respect for Others In looking at applicants, we are looking at future members of the UGA community. They will be living in the residence halls together, studying together, dating, hanging out, and generally interacting with the people in the UGA community 24/7. In light of this, I want to know how they interact with other people in their own community right now. Which students step outside their comfort zone to grow and understand others? Who reaches out to people in their community in need, using their time and effort to give back to other people? What students actively learn about other cultures and other people, and share a bit of themselves as well? It takes a while for our team to review the large number of applications, and to dig into everything within the file. These files are given multiple reads, and we are looking at everything in the application, including activities/sports/summer events/employment sections, transcripts, test scores, recommendations, resumes, essays, etc. We expect final decisions to go out sometime in mid-late March, but that is based on moderate growth projections of how many total applications we will receive this year, so that could change. Go Dawgs!

Life Journey in Journey to the West, Life of a Sensuous...

In society today there are several moving parts, almost like gears in a clock, pepole constantly move. Going day in and day out of thier ordinary routiene. Its as if they have lost the purpose of their exsistance. So caught up in tabloids and money people seem to forget the search for love, self acceptance, and spirituality. These concepts are tied into novels written decades ago and were once the main topic of a persons life. Whether a person was looking for spiritual guidence or self accepence, they could find the answer in lititure. In Journey to the West, the Handsome Monkey King was lost and wanted to find enlightenment. He lived in a perfectly harmonious world of immortality, but found that something was missing. He felt as if he had no purpose, so he left his ideal life to go find his meaning. On his journey, he came across several disputes and found that he was not as clever as he thought to be. The Monkey King came across several dicipals and battled his way to find the mean ing of true enlightenment. When he finally found his way to enlightenment, he felt as if he achieved his purpose but never returned home. The Monkey King continued to travel around the world with his friend and continued adventuring off to different islands and facing different problems; that was his true propose. Life for him was not meant to be perfect nor easy. At one, point in the book the monkey king states ________________ (pg__) In life of a sensous woman, two young boys walk in on a

As the Eve of Revolution Neared, to What Extent Had the...

The span of years from 1750 to 1776 were some of the most important years in American history. Up until the eve of the revolution, the British were still very involved in American lifestyle and there was no unity among the colonies. However, as the eve of revolution neared and harsh acts, salutary neglect, and lack of representation was implied on the colonies by their mother country England, America built a great sense of unity and a sense of identity as a country. The American colonies were very troubled by England before unifying and battling for their freedom. Examples of this were the many acts enforced upon the colonists. The Stamp act, introduced by British prime minister George Grenville in 1765, was established as a means of†¦show more content†¦This meeting shows cooperation throughout the colonies. When Benjamin Franklins Plan of Union(Doc A.) was refused by colonial legislatures, it showed that Americans could support and represent themselves and did not need re presentation in British parliament. An example of this is shown in Edmund Burkes Notes for Speech in Parliament which said Govern America as you govern and English town which happens not to be represented in Parliament? They did not feel that they should be governed by a power that did not care for the best of their daughter country. When one colony fell of struggled, the others were there to pick them back up. This is shown in the Contributors of Donations for the relief of Boston. Several colonies donated things such as hundreds of bushels of Indian corn and rye from Connecticut, hundreds of sheep from Massachusetts, Cash and articles of provision from New Jersey, Sloop with provisions and more money from North Carolina, and a shipload of rice from South Carolina. This shows the support and unity America began to develop as a whole. The colonists were no longer English colonists. Hector St. Crevecouer, in his Letters from an American Farmer, states What then is the American, this new man? He is neither an European, or the descendant of an European, hence that strange mixture of blood which you will find in no other country. I could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son

Autism Refers To A Neuron Developmental Condition, Which

Autism refers to a neuron developmental condition, which impedes the normal child’s growth and progress within a social setting. According to Tzanakaki et al., â€Å"an autistic individual finds it challenging to interact with other people and cannot relate to societal norms ably† (63). Health practitioners believe that failure of neuron synaptic networks in the brain to develop in a normal way owing to chromosomal deficiency causes autism. The symptoms and signs of autism become visible right from infancy. For autistic patients, their cognitive processes are inhibited because their neuron synaptic junctions are underdeveloped. Arguably, although there is neither scientific nor a clinical, pathological experiment, which can prove with surety†¦show more content†¦Secondly, autism is a highly inheritable disease. The Medical Research Council (MRC) based in the United Kingdom pinpoints that the genetic effect on autism ranges between 74 to 98% according to their s tudy involving 258 twins (Hill et al. 15). They used both dizygotic and monozygotic twins raised within the same environmental setting by their parents. Dizygotic refers to twins that result from fertilization of two different eggs by two different sperms while monozygotic refers to twins that result from one egg fertilization by one sperm. The outcomes of the study indicate that if one identical twin suffers from the autism spectrum condition, there is approximately 76% probability that the other twin could be diagnosed with it (Biederman et al. 79). However, fraternal twins, a pair of twins of the same sex but not necessarily alike resulting from fertilization of two separate ova, exhibited a low prevalence rate. The proportion of fraternal twins with autism was 18% for girl-boy pairs and 34% for the same-sex twins (Jeste and Geschwind 77). This population-based twin illustration signifies the role played by genetics and most importantly opens up the likelihood of health practitio ners getting a better understanding of the autism condition. Correspondingly, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), a family whose first child has autism has a 5% possibility that the second child would also have autismShow MoreRelatedAutism Is Not A Disease, But A Developmental Disorder Of Brain Function1465 Words   |  6 PagesAutism is not a disease, but a developmental disorder of brain function. People with classical autism show three types of symptoms: impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication and imagination, and unusual or severely limited activities and interests. 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Main During adolescence the teenagers become more risky (take more risks), the frontal lobe (the brakes) are not fully developed so it can’t cope with the temporal lobe (accelerator) which can’t control itself, energetic, adventurous, independent, they will become more independent because of peer influence and just because it’s a sort of natural thing, more rebellious, again peer influenced, intellectual, the older you get the wiserRead MoreUnderlying Causes Of Autism Spectrum Disorder1882 Words   |  8 PagesUnderlying Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder Ariel Robinson Biology 4800-Fall 2016 Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that displays characteristics of significant impairments in social interactions and communication, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors.1 The DSM-5 characterizes Autism Spectrum Disorder as having a range of symptoms with varying severity, hence the term â€Å"spectrum†.2 Figure 1 shows a representation of the symptoms and sub-types of disorders that are characterizedRead MoreHuman Development : A Life Span View By Kail And Cavanaugh1744 Words   |  7 Pagespaper explores two published articles that report on results from research conducted on social functioning of children with cerebral palsy, and a study of available techniques to improve cognitive function in cerebral palsy patients. 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Business Management Idea of work Organization

Question: Discuss about the case study Business Management for Idea of work Organization. Answer: Introduction: The idea of work organization can be identified as control ofoccupationand the allotment of tasks. It involves the tasks executed, the persons performing them and how the way of performing the task. Now, the idea of work identity is typically involved with successful work organization. Work identification can be described as the extent to which a parson draws his/her sense of self from the organizational values, occupation and the product or services provided by that certain organization. Now, it can easily be understood that a positive work identity creates a job satisfaction among the employees, which helps in executing an effective as well as successful work organization. Moreover, a number of positive organizational outcomes are associated with the organizational identity. These are: work performance, organizational commitment, employee retention and many more. However, concentrating on the organizational identity in the context of work organization is not an old approach. The pr evious organizational theories have a little concern about it. However, it is changing by holding the hand of the contemporary work organization approaches. Discussion: To discuss the classical understanding of work organization, it is needed to review the classical concepts of organizational identity. As opined by Hogg Terry, (2014) the social identity theory provided by Tajfel and Turner in 1986, explains identity a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership(s). According to them, the group can be identified as one of the major sources of pride and self-esteem. As opined by Haslam et al., (2014) validation within the group provided a sense of worth to the individual. The craving for validation also compels the individual to behave in a certain manner. Thus, the importance of group cannot be ignored in shaping the identity of an individual. As discussed by Gioia et al., (2013) the classical work identity approach treated it as relatively fixed. However, a number of challenges can be identified while discussing about the classical conception of organizational identity. As discussed by Schultz Hernes, (2013) the classical approa ch of identity does not consider the idea that with the changes in the work pattern or organizational goals, people continuously changes identify and self-understanding. On the other hand, the classical concepts do not reflect on the societal and cultural changes those are typically instrumental in altering the identity negotiation and creation. Now within the organizational setup, the classical approach of identity may be used. In the classical theories regarding organization approached identity in this way. As mentioned by Burke, (2013) the Bureaucratic model of organization developed by Max Weber totally focuses on the hierarchical model. According to this model, the organization works under well-defined rules and specifications. This model says that the employee has a defined power and authority based on his/her expertise. As opined by Hatch Cunliffe, (2013) within this formalized approach, people need to follow the set rules and code of conduct. As discussed in the classical approaches of identity, it creates a sense of fixed identity among the employees. This classical approach of organization was not bothered with creating an organizational identity among the employees. As mentioned by Reid Robinson, (2016), the social groups are the instruments of creating an identity among the members. This approach ignored the im portance of the environmental factors in shaping identity. Within the classical models of organization, the companies are mostly autocratic and the scope of creating employee identity is almost absent (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). On the other hand, within the framework of the classical scientific management theory by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911, it is needed for the companies to control the labor force (Denhardt, Catlaw, 2014). However, this particular theory has provided a better care to the employee identification issue. As opined by Egeberg, Gornitzka Trondal, (2016) the principals of scientific management replaced the rule-of thumb method with the organization. It has provided the organizations approach that is more democratic. Thus, the employees may feel encouraged to work within that organization and thus feel more connected. Moreover, as opined by Shafritz, Ott Jang, (2015), the principle of this particular theory talks about providing training sessions to the management as well as the employees, to obtain the best potentials of the employees. However, any means of creating employee motivation and identification is not mentioned in the theory. Furthermore, the theory rebukes the idea that the primary interests of the workers and the employers are not antagonistic. As opined by Denhardt Catlaw (2014) these classical theories of work organization was more about employer oriented. Hence, not a much importance was given to the idea of creating organizational identity. The classical identity approaches have not also provided much importance to the professional instruments in creating identity within the individuals. However, the modern and the neoclassical theories of work organization are more directed towards the employee satisfaction, which is one of the major fundamentals of organizational identity among the employees. On the other hand, the modern theories of organizational identification explain identity in a separate manner. As opined by Denhardt Catlaw, (2014), the contemporary theories treat identity as a sense that an employee draws from the organizational setup and environment. As opined by Haslam et al., (2014) in the contemporary ideas the work identity greatly depends on the organizational culture. The contemporary organizational theories are more employee oriented and the issues considered by them are the fundamentals of the modern identity approach. The modern organizations are typically employee oriented. Todays organizations are well aware of the importance of job satisfaction and employee retention for achieving the aim of profit maximization. The neoclassical theory, the Human Relation Approach, talks about the integration of informal groups within the organization (Burke, 2013). Here, the idea of contemporary organizational identity differs from the previous theories. As opined by Denhardt Catlaw, (2014) here, the managers may promote, more or less self-consciously, a particular form of organizational experience. Thus, as discussed in the human relation approach; by providing a good experience within the organization, the work identity of the employees can be manipulated. As opined by Hatch Cunliffe, (2013) the human relation approach considers the existence and importance of employee expectations and the socio cultural message of their job roles. As described by Burke, (2013) these particular issues can be identified as some of the building blocks of work identity within the employees. As opined by Mikes Kaplan, (2014) the major concern of the modern managers in the organizations is managing the internal environments. The modern organizations concentrate on building identity within the employees. As discussed by Egeberg, Gornitzka Trondal, (2016) within the contemporary setup, the organizations try to regulate the identity of the employees. They consider it as an important aspect of organizational control. Hence, they focus on creating discourses and ideology. It helps the employees to understand the values or the core of the organization and creates a sense of identity. As described in the modern contingency theory, there is no best model or process of managing an organization (Mikes Kaplan, 2014). A wide range of external and internal issues has to the considered and some focused actions must be taken to eliminate those issues. This particular theory concentrates on the importance of the employee motivation and organizational identity for managing the internal contingencies. As described by Gioia et al., (2013) the modern identity approach, talks about the fundamental importance of ideologies, organizational values and job role in creating the organizational identity. The contingency theorists have taken the same idea. As opined by Egeberg, Gornitzka Trondal, (2016) expert roles are matter to peripheral expectations. Hence, applied activities of motivation and leading are important within the organizational setup. Thus, these modern or contemporary approaches treat the importance of organizational identity among the employees to generate better motivation and employee retention with a great care. The humanistic approach of the organizations creates a better organizational identity and ensures better performance. With an increased level of organizational identity, the modern organizations can be able to gain better competitive advantage and customer choice. Conclusion: Hence, from the above discussion, in can be concluded that with changes in the organizational concept in the contemporary professional world the idea of work identity has changed a lot. The importance of work identity in work organization is many folds. As described by a number of scholastic theories, organizational identification provides a greater level of commitment within the employees towards the organization. For implementing an effective work organization, it is important for the management to provide a sense of connection and familiarity to the organizational values as well as climate. Aware of the advantages to the organization themselves, various creative and ambitious companies intentionally promote organizational identity among the workers by "identity regulation" and identity narration. Organizational identity typically depends on the individuals perception about the organization - its status, the extent of communication and patronage it provides them, and the way of rep resenting itscorporate identity. Hence, the companies need to create an acceptable and dignified identity so that it helps the employees to be committed to the organization. References: Burke, W. W. (2013).Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Denhardt, R. B., Catlaw, T. J. (2014).Theories of public organization. Cengage Learning. Egeberg, M., Gornitzka, ., Trondal, J. (2016). 2. Organization theory.Handbook on Theories of Governance, 32. Gioia, D. A., Patvardhan, S. D., Hamilton, A. L., Corley, K. G. (2013). Organizational identity formation and change.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 123-193. Haslam, S. A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M. J., Ellemers, N. (Eds.). (2014).Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. Psychology Press. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. He, H., Brown, A. D. (2013). Organizational identity and organizational identification A review of the literature and suggestions for future research.Group Organization Management,38(1), 3-35. Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J. (Eds.). (2014).Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Psychology Press. Mikes, A., Kaplan, R. S. (2014, October). Towards a contingency theory of enterprise risk management. AAA. Reid, S. A., Robinson, B. (2016). Social Identity Theories.The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. Schultz, M., Hernes, T. (2013). A temporal perspective on organizational identity.Organization Science,24(1), 1-21. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015).Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.

How Do You Define Success free essay sample

Success is defined differently by different people. For some, success means becoming rich, for others reaching high social position. Everyone has his / her own definition of success. Depending on how you see the world, your definition of success will differ from others. However, achieving success is far from easy. Depending on the definition of success, it can be achieved through many ways and come in different forms. Nonetheless, whether small or big, success in any form carries the same worth as long as people untie to strive for it.There are many different ways to achieving success, you should Just consider which way is the most appropriate for your desired results. Perseverance also plays a role, if you are willing to put in the effort; you will achieve more success and thus will be more satisfied in the end. To achieve success you should never give up. There is no use in Just waiting for wishes and dreams to come true. We will write a custom essay sample on How Do You Define Success? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Success can only be achieved if people learn from their mistakes. You never come close to success unless you experience failure. Believe me; you can embrace success If you only believe in yourself and your abilities. Morris Metering said, People are born of their thought, so think positively. In short, no matter what situation you are Involved In, In order for your goal to be achieved, you must always give your best effort, persevere, learn from your mistakes and believe In yourself. The most Important thing to remember Is that all you achieved Is only to your benefit.

Management of change at BNP Paribas

Management of change at BNP Paribas A descriptive case study of BNP Paribas BNP Paribas S.A. is a major global banking company that was formed way back in the year 2000 from a merger between Paribas and the Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP). It has two headquarters, a global one based in London and another in Paris. The merger was lauded for having reduced unhealthy competition and increased service delivery in the banking industry all over the world.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Management of change at BNP Paribas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its continuous successful performance and current policy status are attributed to the main objective of serving its retail end of the market while widening its investment base throughout the world. Through its leadership, it has been able to diversify its service and products portfolio to the consumers all over the globe making it to be ranked as a major bank in terms of provisions. The same ranking in 2011 revealed that the measurement of its total assets was US$ 2.670 trillion. Despite the global crisis of 2007-2009, the bank was able to make massive profits of about â‚ ¬3 billion and â‚ ¬5.8 billion in 2008 and 2009 respectively. Other sources also reveal that the bank has several interests in investment solutions, corporate and investment banking as well as retail banking as its strategic business units which have helped it rise above other market competitors in terms of performance. In addition, it has four domestic markets namely Luxemburg, Belgium, Italy and France. Its retail operations are found in almost all the continents of the world. In terms of revolutionizing its operations, the management team at BNP Paribus has in the previous months focused on management of change as one of the most important aspects of enhancing its performance both at local and international levels. Management of change in leadership has given the bank an opportunity to improve its servic e delivery while focusing on the goal of raising overall profitability. Surveys on the bank reveal that its leadership has embarked on the process of management of change especially in the area of management to enhance performance. This company has been one of the leading banks in the provision of consumer financial services, investment banking, commercial banking and small scale businesses, processing financial transactions, private equity and assets management as shall be noted in its case study in relation to management of change.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effective leadership at BNP Paribas has remained one of the most remarkable models that have brought out the much needed organizational change. This has been through the creation of favorable working environment, moderation of organizational operations and staff motivation that are all aimed at atta ining organizational goals. The leadership practice in this bank has continued to be outstanding in driving the organization towards change and linking its operations to long-term objectives. One would agree from past surveys that its leadership has indeed been the driving force for the much needed organizational change and is quite crucial in defining its effectiveness in terms asset management. Needless to say, the ability by the management of the bank to spearhead positive change in the operations of the bank has been invaluable. It goes without saying that its regular positive change in leadership strategies has seen the organization thriving where others have fallen. Since its inception, the management at BNP Paribas has been concerned with the need to foster change. Its leadership has been inherently value-based and has developed close ties with staff and stakeholders making it a group process. The enormous successes the bank has enjoyed are highly credited on leadership, chan ge and professionalism employed at all levels of its operations. This growth has been maintained through well founded change management strategies used in recruitment and selection of the different staff, shared values and systems, therefore serving as a major link between performance and practical skills. Through its leadership, the bank has emphasized on the need to maintain high quality levels of services to employees and the diversification of products and services as core factors in maintaining a competitive advantage in the fast changing global market. Emerging difficulties –leadership and management problems Leadership issues The report by the Worldwide Nicosia Business Review dated May 24, 2012 brings out one of the major issues facing BNP Paribas as leadership challenge. The bank has been blamed for using low-key leaders to run its operations in spite the fact that it has recorded significant growth in the past few years.Advertising We will write a custom cas e study sample on Management of change at BNP Paribas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, it is imperative to note that some of the loopholes in its leadership structure may not yield immediate visible impacts but may take quite a considerable length of time before such effects are realized. Even though its performance has been steady in the last few years, its leadership has never been able to competently effect necessary changes in terms of systems, building cohesion among its diverse workers and policies. The calls for change among its stakeholders could perhaps be the reason why there was an earlier than expected departure of its former leader Michael Pebereau. His departure came after the realization that under his leadership as well as the market position of the company was not going to improve in the foreseeable future. Ineffective teamwork and discrimination The management approach that BNP Paribas has been using is based o n diversity, a consideration which has seen it employ over 205,300 employees from 160 nationalities in the 84 countries where its offices are located. Even with its ambitions, commitment, creativity and responsiveness, its team of leadership has not been efficient in establishing strong working network. One would sharply disagree with this argument on the basis that the bank has embraced corporate values and opted to work through groups to attain success. While that may be true, it still falls short of reflecting teamwork, a factor seen in its constant discrimination troubles featuring among its 30 operational risks. Lack of team work is a critical challenge at BNP Paribas and might greatly affect the realization of its vision, objectives and long term goals. Teamwork is a critical component and a tool which the bank has not fully established and which when employed, can enhance performance and work success. While its leadership understands the need to foster teamwork as a process o f change and achieve established objectives, it has not been able to carry out its operations effectively due to issues of team dynamics.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Areas that need change Structure One of the areas that require immediate change interventions at BNP Paribas is its leadership structure. An effective leadership structure within BNP Paribas will improve the level of productivity by encouraging efficient and effective work. It is important to note that it is growing faster and becoming more complex. As such, it endeavors to catch up with the growing complexity of market trends. Its leadership understands and acknowledges the fact that better and efficient provision of services is important towards growth. Using McKinsey 7s model, the structure of an organization which represents how units of an organization relate is critical in enhancing performance. BNP Paribas organizational structure should comprise that which incorporates speed in decision making, increasing the flow of information in and out of the banking environment and offering mobility and value to all its workers. One cannot doubt the effectiveness of leadership at BNP Pa ribas, but cannot also fail to admit that its leadership structure has not been keen on ensuring a top-down functional division, networking and organization of effective working systems. As matter of fact, it is imperative to mention that for effective management of organizational resources including human capital demands good leadership roles within various departments of an organization. As it is the case with PNB Paribas at present, it is clearly evident that there are myriads of missing links in the leadership structure of the organization which ought to be addressed if positive growth is to be realized. While the current leadership structure at BNP Paribas is decentralized and quite active, it should have a strong structure, as this will make it more competent and will form the organization’s greatest asset. Its leadership structure should represent how well the organization can execute its strategies. There is need for a strong establishment of the existing leadership s tructure with competent leaders and the elimination of low key leaders. A poor leadership structure full of low-keyed leaders negatively impacts on organizational performance. It is without doubt that the current management at BNP Paribas has a strenuous task of making sure that it maintains brilliant market performance while at the same time harmonizes its workforce in a manner that will boost the morale of employees. While balancing between the two extremes may be a cumbersome duty, it is worth to note that it can still be achieved by proper restructuring of leadership of various departments. It is imperative for leaders at BNP Paribas to develop knowledge on leadership styles that will create change and curb the challenges posed by discriminatory practices. In order to strengthen the competitive position BNP Paribas has, proper and efficient leadership structures should be put in place. Through changing and strengthening leadership structures, BNP Paribus will be able to establis h new competitive structural abilities that will boost its global image. This will also see to it that its International participation via virtual management systems and modernization of the new branches in other countries contribute towards great success. Its success requires high level and dynamic orientation of the management structures in order to overcome the stiff competition. Flexibility in the management of all the departments of the bank should be clear for international outlook and profits to be realized (Valentine 2012, p.41). Strategy Strategic leadership as a means of change remains one of the important ways through which BNP Paribas can remain progressive in terms of planning, performance and resource allocation, and be responsive to the market. Strategy, from the 7s model focuses on the allocation of resources which may be scarce and focusing on customers, competition and the business environment with a mission of reaching identified goals. Being strategic at BNP Pari bas leadership is critical in the management of change bearing in mind that it will act as a strong force that will continuously reenergize diverse workforce, refresh the informal and formal systems of the organization and propel it to a higher level. Without strategic leadership, management of change and subsequent continuity in BNP Paribas, productivity and profitability will be an elusive practice. Indeed, in spite of the massive studies directed at re-evaluating management of change in the banking sector, without strategic leadership, banks fail to make great advances in implementing change. This scenario has been noted as a common case in the banking industry. Having enjoyed a long period of continued profitability, the leadership of BNP Paribus should be aware of the need to restructure itself strategically as part and parcel of capturing diverse marketing opportunities and also counter emerging uncertainties. Therefore, there is need for it to have its strategies centered on a strong change process aimed at decentralizing its structures and creating newer units in its operations to accelerate growth. In addition, this change process needs to involve all departments, encourage them to liaise with other structures and work together in enhancing service provision, relaying of feedbacks and re-evaluation of progress. Skills and shared values Skills are distinctive capabilities which individuals or personnel in an organization possess at their disposal. On the other hand, shared values are attitudes and central beliefs the aforementioned members of an organization have. The development of skills among workers in BNP Paribas plays a crucial role of elevating performance levels to a position whereby an organization enjoys profitability. This practice of developing human capital is an attribute of strategic leadership. Implementing change in terms of developing skills among staff has been a model that has brought immense benefit to the business. At BNP Paribus, human capital is an integral factor which has continually boosted the capability and overall performance. In order to improve its output and limit low-key staff, the top leadership of this bank ought to organize training to enhance workers’ skills. Trained and adequately skilled workers will form the bank’s capital resource and will also be a source of gaining a competitive edge. Forming of development and training programs are some of the best strategies of developing human capital. This management of change model targets constructing a vision that is common to a firm will facilitate communication and helps in building skills. Besides, skill development programs will be critical in inculcating core values, enhancing social levels and promoting cohesion among the workforce. Staff and style Successful changes usually pick intensity and speed as they progress through different stages in the change process. BNP Paribas’ leaders must account for the new behavior an d cultural development in the institution by nurturing the tender change and avoiding identity crisis for different employees. Special cases must be addressed in the bank for slow learners to avoid drifting behind due to their inefficiency. Increased credibility of the employees and structures is therefore built on to anchor the change progress after establishing the short term win situations.Policies that do not cohere with the change process should either modified or dropped completely in order to maintain the direction of the vision. Assessment at this stage will be necessary to make sure that the overall services delivery and the expected results are attained alongside the short term individual attainment. Systems System in PNB Paribas is a critical component that encompasses routines, processes, and procedures an organization has. Its leaders must be in a position to align all the systems of an organization to meet organizational goals. At BNP Paribas, its leadership needs to c haracterize its systems to reflect the importance of managing assets, information systems, performance appraisal systems, promotion, hiring and financial systems for better performance. Some of the areas that were changed It is imperative to note that the leadership in BNP Paribas has been able to effect certain changes in areas of its operation. Notably, its profitability has been based on the ability to factor leadership changes in prevailing internal and external situations and infusing its mission with articulate objectivity of improved performance and high profitability. In light of staffing, skills and shared values, it has set up mechanisms for training, development, recruitment and employee selections based on critical outlook of the prevailing conditions and the balance between implications of the program’s effects to the employees. A sense of stability and decisiveness that focuses on the employees to a better future has been generated as a tool for maintaining comm itment and hard work. Questions What is the function of leadership in creating and managing change? Should the leadership of an organization involve change agents to implement organizational change? What impact has workers, staff and stakeholders in effecting change? Analyze the management of change using various theories. Main learning points One of the key learning points from the case study is that management of change in organizations remains to be a core practice that cannot be ignored if positive growth and performance is to be realized. In addition, the ability to manage change especially in regards to leadership within an organization stands out as an integral need in the banking industry. As noted in the case of PNB Paribas, low key leadership is a factor that has seen its growth slowdown compared to its former years. Thus, a sustainable growth and performance of an organization will largely depend on how well change is introduced, embraced and implemented within an organ ization. Another factor that has come out from the case study is that the role of strategic leadership in creating change sprouts from various driving forces which compel an organization to seek intrinsic outsets for improvements. This reflects the perspective which Albanese (2012, p. 13) holds in his article when quoting the change management model by Kurt Lewin’s and indicating that leadership must be flexible and anchored on a strong force to facilitate re-evaluation and acceptance and implementation of the ideology. This can also be implemented when both internal and external orientations of strategic leadership are considered. A further learning point from the case study mirrors, Cohen’s (2002 p. 53) sentiment from the model of organization change. He indicates that there is need for management of an organization to develop a desire for change before shifting to seek change in an organization. Under this model and with regards to the case study, it becomes clear t hat a leadership must be able to consider an organization’s internal and external factors and move towards implementing them. Besides, it reflects the connection that exists between strategic leadership, change management and innovation. Answers and discussions to questions on the case study What is the role of leadership in creating and managing change? Leadership according to Bielski (2005, p. 57) plays a critical role of providing direction, vision and opportunity for organizational change. It achieves this by evaluating performance of various departments and systems within an organization. In agreement, Toegel and Barsoux (2012, p. 55) indicate that leaders must become aware of change and the need to create it at any given time during the lifetime of an organization. This should be carefully articulated by being actively involved in the change process. Should the leadership of an organization involve change agents to implement organizational change? Clark (2012, p. 1) poi nts out that for an effective change to take place in an organization, all stakeholders, workers and departmental leaders in an organization must be included in defining change and its application. While change as noted in the case study is a crucial aspect which BNP Paribus needs.to improve its leadership and business operations, Hernandez-Lopez (2003, p. 180) is of the view that it should enhance involvement of all entities as agents of change. Hernandez-Lopez (2003, p. 180) continues to point out that in banking institutions, the changing and highly dynamic trends of various operations call for involvement of all workers as change agents for greater efficiencies in services delivery and asset management. This concurs with the view held by most management scholars who indicate that the participation of all entities as change agents is crucial in introducing fresh ideas and practices in leadership and organization management (Palmer, Dunford Akin 2009, p. 57). Kurt Lewin’s model of refreezing and freezing augments this consideration and presents all organizations including BNP Paribas as having enough potential for innovation, strategic leadership and change either to address their negative considerations or further enhance their positive outcomes. What impact has workers, staff and stakeholders in effecting change? Clark (2012, p. 1) is of the view that the staff, workers and stakeholders of an organization are critical entities of change management in the sense that they create the necessary forces for articulating an organization’s ideals in the market. Human resources management best practices theory as exemplified by Dave Ulrich seeks to create an intrinsic outset in the management of labor towards pre-established goals. Clark (2012, p. 1) and Streeter (2003, p. 60) therefore consider the implementation of these applications in an organization to have two key change implications that greatly count in staffing. Discuss some of the theories reflecting management of change in an organization Organization change theory Analysts are increasingly in agreement that one of the most important and inevitable concept in an organization is change management. In his theory of organization change, Kurt Lewin presents the model of freezing and refreezing in facilitating identity and acceptance of new systems. In their review of the theory, Janicijevic (2010, p. 98) and Hopkins (2009, p. 28) indicate that for an organization to realize its objectives, it needs to ensure that change is effectively articulated in areas or departments that are not performing. Janicijevic (2010, p. 98) and Hopkins (2009, p. 28) further indicate organizational change must be viewed as a point of raising an organization to its next level. Besides, they emphasize on the need to effect change by adhering to the established culture in an organization. Contingency theory This theory as Cohen (2002 p. 53) indicates advocates for diversity in managing organizat ions. Therefore, as majority of bank managers argue, the theory calls for analytical outset in making key decisions for guiding an organization. In view of the theory, human resource managers should be able to respond to internal and external forces through effective leadership practices (Jenkins, 2012). This view concurs with the argument posed by Johnson (2002, p. 8) that though organizations have their own pre-established standards in management; they should avoid rigidity by seeking a leadership that is flexible and accommodates new objectives and dynamic standards. This consideration is further echoed by Hopkins (2009, p. 28) who indicates that contingent change factors are especially very crucial in leadership practices. In recap, it is imperative to mention that management of change in organizations remains as a core practice that cannot be ignored if positive growth and performance is to be realized. In addition, the ability to manage change especially in regards to human re source development within an organization stands out as an integral need in the banking industry. In the case of PNB Paribas, the sustainable growth and performance of the organization will largely depend on how well change I introduced, embraced and implemented within the organization. This will be the only way through which effective leadership will translate to positive growth of the organization bearing in mind that the market competition in the banking industry is quite dynamic. References Albanese, C 2012, ‘Spotlight on Carl James, BNP Paribas Investment Partners’, FX Week, vol.12 no.4, pp. 12-13. Bielski, L 2005, ‘Getting front and center on security policies’, American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal vol. 97 no. 3, pp. 57-59. Clark, J 2012, ‘BNP Paribas rolls out single-dealer e-FX platform’, FX Week, vol. 12 no. 2, pp. 1-2. Cohen, D 2002, ‘Making change effective, American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal vol. 94 no. 12, pp. 53-55. Hernandez-Lopez , E 2003 ‘Bag wars and bank wars, the Gucci and Banque National de Paris hostile bids: European corporate culture responds to active shareholders’, Fordham Journal of Corporate Financial Law vol. 9 no. 1, pp.127-190. Hopkins, M 2009, ‘8 Reasons Sustainability Will Change Management (That You Never Thought of)’, MIT Sloan Management Review vol. 51 no. 1, pp. 27-30. Janicijevic, N 2010, ‘Business processes in organizational diagnosis’, Management : Journal of Contemporary Management Issues vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 85-106. Jenkins, P 2012, Low-key leaders may unlock new problems for banks, Johnson, L 2002, ‘Issue selling in the organization’ MIT Sloan Management Review vol. 43 no. 3, pp. 8-9. Palmer I, Dunford R Akin G 2009, Managing Organizational Change A Multiple Perspective Approach, McGraw Hill, Boston. Streeter, B 2003, ‘Sweet deal’, American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal vol. 95 no. 11, pp. 69-74. Toegel, G Barsoux, J 2012, ‘How to become a better leader’. MIT Sloan Management Review vol.53 no. 3, pp. 51-60. Valentine, L 2012, ‘Wealth management: revenue solution? American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal vol.104 no. 3, pp. 40-44.

Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Drama - Essay Example Henceforth, the attitude created by the actor in the stage is critical because that attitude determines the environment and the thought the audience will have towards the script. Learning the tactics of acting in a theatre is very important. The actor must familiarize with the character and afterwards learn the details of the subject, which will enable the actor to assume the character and blend with other characters in the vicinity. Before an actor presents the character to the society, the actor must subject the character to the society viewpoint. Brecht and Mueller argue that Stanislavski method of physical action as advantageous in modern acting (160). Brecht and Mueller explain â€Å"first rehearsals the actor show the plot, the event, the business, convinced that feeling and mood will eventually take care of themselves† (160). Therefore, Stanislavski method of physical action gives time to an actor to transform to the character and as the rehearsal proceeds, empathy and mood eventually develop. Brecht and Mueller states that, â€Å"Stanislavski speaks of rhythms which sweep across scene† (160). Sometimes, the rhythm may be insignificant in a scene because of the manner in which an actor expresses the words. In addition, I also agree that the use of images during acting bring forth a better understanding to the audience. Although, Stanislavski system may be challenging to some actors, the system has incredible method of harmonizing several weakness during acting. The system also provides a platform for learning to new and weak actors. Moreover, the system can measure the actor’s talent through the actor’s ability to manage incomplete

Effectiveness And Efficiency Of Government Website Essay

Effectiveness And Efficiency Of Government Website - Essay Example The chief work of the Ready Government website is to educate the public through communication. Therefore, the question is has the website managed to reach the public thorough communication? Is the website effective and efficient in its vital mandate to the public? Lastly, what means has the ready government website used to dispense information? Various bodies have been set up in the America from way back that handle emergency situations in the country like Red Cross and AMREF (Bullock, 281). Furthermore, there are departments like homeland security, national response framework, central intelligence agency, federal bureau of investigations and many more (Bullock, 81).  There are numerous procedures put in place by Ready Government website to communicate with the public, most obvious is the website itself. The website has all the information that the public needs in case of emergency whether it is preparedness or emergencies. The website also educates the public on safety locations i n case of disasters and also affected and dangerous areas. The website receives letters and also sends out letters to the public free of charge. This shows that there is a flow of communication. Additionally, publications are available for download in disaster management (Abramson, 22).  Another way that the Ready Government website communicates effectively with the public is through its corps volunteer’s activities that ensure the safety of the society by ensuring that communities get a fast response in emergency situations (Matthews et al, 121). The pledging sector is easy to access on the website (Abramson, 23). Furthermore, the Ready Government website has managed to communicate with the public effectively and efficiently by taking into consideration the disabled.

Toyota Strategy Analysis

Toyota Strategy Analysis Automobile sector is known as one of the worlds most competitive and high tech sectors. But it is very difficult to enter into this sector because it needs huge capital to develop an infrastructure to compete with big giants of the market. Toyota corporation is also one the big giants. The following study is an analysis of this. The company was started in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda, now it is the second largest automobile manufacturer in the world after General motors. The following study undertakes the brief analysis of the different strategies implemented in the Toyota Corporation. These strategies were belonging to resource school of strategies and their main emphasis is on product quality. This study also provide us a insight view about the strength and weakness of Toyota and what are the future opportunities for them and what are the threats they can face as well. Introduction: Company Overview: Toyota is one of the leading Automobile manufacturers from Japan. The company manufactures almost all kind of vehicles like Buses, cars, SUVs, Forklifts, industrial vehicles and trucks. It was established in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda. In 1933 in his father factory, which was named as Toyoda automatic looms works Ltd., he established a small automobile unit. Then he visited many automobile plants in the United States. His unit was working to create fuel efficient vehicles in which they got succeeded in 1935. Than in 1937 he formally launched his own company with the name of Toyota Motors Company Limited. Toyota released its prototype small car in 1947. In 1949 the company was near insolvency, does not meet the payroll, and had to deal with the problems of workers. Toyoda left the seat due to economic failure in 1949. Shoichi Saito and Eiji Toyoda who were his successor start the business with modern techniques and injected more capital to take it in running form. They build Kanban system in 1954, to ensure that all manufacturing parts must be available in the stocks. The popular models were Celica which was introduced in 1970, Tercel was developed in 1978 and the most renowned Model Camry was introduced in 1980. Till 1980, Japan had manufactured more vehicles than the vehicles manufactured in United States and Toyota was one step below from the world largest cars producing company GM (General Motors). Toyota and GM motor joined hand in 1984 to build a new combine manufacturing Unit Lexington, Kentucky. After that, for the next ten years from 1980s to 1990s to build new plants in North America Toyota invested 6.5 billion US dollars. They diverted their attentions towards luxurious car manufacturing. In the global recession while every company i s in losses Toyota did not lose its market worth. Toyota has introduced first electricity and gasoline empowered car in 1997. In next two years they sold these cars in Japan up to 30,000. Over the time period its demand increases with a massive rate. Aims of Repot: This Report will provide a complete insight about the strategies of Toyota Corporation. It will tell us about the current business position of Toyota and how they have maintained the competitive advantage in the most competitive automobile industry. This will also provide us knowledge about different strategies used by Toyota. Literature Review Toyotas mission vision Toyota vision: Toyota Company is having very broader visions that depicts from their vision statement which is To be the most successful and respected car company in America It shows that Toyota wants to be the best company of the world but also to be best they do not want to comprise on their quality and customer friendliness. They want to be respected by their customers as well as their all other stake holders. Toyota mission: Toyota is company which is known due to its quality products. They provide their customer best quality and high value products in order to gain their loyalty this is also depicts from their mission statement. To attract and attain customers with high-valued products and services and the most satisfying ownership experience in America. This mission statement tells us that the mission of the Toyota is all about its customer. They want to provide high value products to attract new customers and to retain the older ones as well. Toyotas global strategic decision making Toyota Company has claimed that they will setup technology centers which will gear up their global decision making capabilities. They have faced 8 million orders of new cars per year thats why they need a speedy decision making system. They will increase the different center around the world in order to increase the efficiency of the product and speedy order processing. For this they have decided to build 6 units in North America, 6 in china and 7 units in Europe and many more in other countries. They are trying to be the world largest cars manufacturing company for this purpose they are decided to build Customer first training center in which they will ensure the quality and quantity of the products. The head of Toyota Company Akio Toyoda is giving more emphasis on the quality of the product in order to get more loyalty of the customer. For this purpose he has appointed the five best Chief quality officers around the world Including, For Europe Didier Leroy, For North America Angelo, For Asia Region Sonoda, Masahiro Kato is selection for China, and Africa, Latin America and Middle East he has appointed Two person Katsutada Masumoto and Hisayuki. The Main emphasis of Toyota Companys decision is to gain the customer loyalty and trust. Thats why in their every decision or strategy customer is the main beneficiary person. Recent Credit crunch badly affected the demand and growth of the Toyota. People purchasing powers are very low in this day thats why no one is going to buy new cars. This results a decrease in demand for new cars and eventually it will result in the reduction in the profit of the company. TOYOTA PEST ANALYSIS (P)OLITICAL: Instability is caused due to fuel efficiency an important decision factor for car buyers, increasing the chance of the plug-in hybrid. You can see some consumers will buy a hybrid plug-in like a train, dependence on foreign oil, and one that serves to strengthen the independence of the United States reduce the purchasing power in relation to the government. The Political instability around the world due to war and terror is also a big challenge for Toyota Corporation. (E)CONOMIC: The Oil prices by the concerns of increasing supply and demand will increase the attractiveness of the vehicle features such as plug-in hybrids that are less dependent on gasoline. Government increased tax credits and tax increases for gasoline, the possibility of plug-in hybrids. Global oil consumption has exceeded global production. India and china are growing at 8-10% per year put an enormous demand for oil on the world market prices to stay stable. (S)OCIO-CULTURAL: Positive factor for Toyota is that it is overall market leader with hybrid technology. Consumers will realize more their ecological footprint in the upcoming years. The operation of a hybrid is a status symbol in the young Hollywood. (T)ECHNOLOGICAL: Sales of hybrid vehicles will increase the competitive advantage over competitors with the potential mass market for hybrid technology and has established a strong position to innovate and develop hybrid platform to ward off competition. Next three years, Toyota and Honda are planning to hybrid power train to reduce weight by 50%. They also seek; the price of hybrid technology from $ 4,000 to $ 1,900 per vehicle as much low as possible. SWOT Analysis on Toyota Motor Corporation (S)trengths Toyota is having a very good recognition among 170 countries due to its multinational image. There is massive growth rate over the year around 29.3% with sales turn over around  £131,511 million during 2009. Due to its Lean production system which constitute of TQM a JIT Toyota has gained Worlds No. 1 Position. Toyota is considered now one of the worlds large car manufacturers due to entrance in major market of US, China and EMEA etc. Toyota is having Research and development center which is ensuring quality and environmental friendliness of the products. (Toyota Annual Report: 2009) (W)eakness Toyota is regarding as foreign imports due to the Japan based company. Toyota most of manufacturing Units are located in US and Japan only, while its competitors are taking the advantages of low production cost, cheaper labor and other cheaper management costs. (O)pportunities Due to shortage of Oil and increase in oil prices Toyotas management is looking for other alternatives like gas-guzzling cars and they are looking for new hybrid gas and electric cars production on mass scale. (Toyota Annual Report: 2009) Toyota is looking for cars that can increase performance, fuel efficiency and mainly environmental friendly. To develop the car which are controlled through electricity and fulfills the institutional and social requirements and cost effective for this purpose Toyota has established their Eco-Vehicle Assessment center. (Toyota Website) Now they are looking for big countries for the expansion purpose like Brazil, India, Pakistan, China and Russia. (T)hreats Competitive pressure is increased due to increase in Research and Development and belligerent marketing campaigns. Increase in the prices of raw materials. Decrease in the demand of new cars due to the recent recession around the globe. Purchasing power of the people is almost down to earth. To cater the need of larger family units who demand for larger cars. (Demographic Factor Website) In western countries there is large trend of using public transport instead of their own vehicles, this will eventually decrease the demand for new cars. (Market Research website) Nowadays people are more contented to send their child through school or college busses instead of their own cars. BCG Matrix (Toyotas products) The BCG model depicts that how much priority should be given to the particular business unit. Following is Toyota BCG model: The BCG Model Of Toyota Company Business growth Rate High Stars (Corolla) Question Mark (Cuore) Low Cash Cows (HiLux) Dogs High Low Relative Position Market Share The BCG Model Of Toyota Corolla Business growth Rate High Stars (2.0 D, 2.0 D Saloon) Question Mark (SE Saloon, GLi) Low Cash Cows (Xli 1.3) Dogs High Low Relative Position Market Share Toyota Resources School of Strategy: The Resource strategy is based on the argument that some companies develop a collection of their key competencies in which they can differentiate themselves from their competitors. The Toyota is known for its quality which they have developed after the hard work and commitment of decades. They have invested a lot in their employees, in their structure, in their manufacturing units, and most importantly in their products in order to reach this skill level. Porters 5 Forces and Generic Strategies (on Toyota) Threat of New Entrants: In Automobile business the threat of new entrance in the industry are very low because it is a high tech industry and needs huge amount of capital and innovative technology to establish a manufacturing unit. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Toyota is one of the leading automobile manufacturers and holding a major share in the global market, so it has dominant role on its suppliers but it does not manipulate the rights of suppliers it take cares them and their needs as well. Intensity of Rivalry: The competition is very high in the Automobile industry the larger Automobile companies are General Motors, Ford and Honda are its main competitor. They are having large resources and they can any strategy to have customer without taking care of capital back up. Bargaining Power of Customers: As there is a large no. of substitute available in the market and the bargaining power of customer is high. Threat of Substitutes: Due to many substitutes available in the market for Toyota products as other manufacturers are producing same quality products as well.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   7S Model (7s strategies of Toyota) Strategy Share Values System Style Structure Skills Staff Western Management of the Toyota is giving more importance to the hard side of the seven Ss model which includes structure, strategy and system. They give their more intentions towards day to day activities and daily events and to develop a better organizational structure in order to have and maintain competitive advantage. On the other hand Japanese management of Toyota pay more value to soft side of seven Ss model which includes sills, shared values and staff etc. They pay more intentions to get competitive advantage through their employees, they provide them training and different skills to enhance their working power and they have unique leadership style and unique shared values. DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR TOYOTA In the market the price is totally depended on the price which is offered by the seller and the prices on which the buyer is willing to buy the product that is called market price. Here we will discuss the Toyotas demand and supply side factors which are the essential elements of the automobile market. The Following factors influence the demand and supply of automobile: 1. The price at which seller is ready to sell in the market after bargaining. 2. The price which at which any potential buyer is ready to buy from the market. In the market the Buyers make an offer for car and the seller has right either to accept it or reject it. Analysis of the Factors which affect the demand and supply of Toyota: The main factors which affect the demand of the Toyota in the UK are population, Income POPULATION The increase in population will result in increase in demand for the products. The increase in the population will increase the long run demand for Toyota cars. When the population increases the people will go for new product this will automatically increase the demand for products which are prevailing in the market. Following charts will show the rightward shift in the demand of the Toyota products which will cause due to the increase in the population around the world. P S D1 D When demand goes up Toyota has to increase its supply to cope with market needs. The New demand for Toyota products is depicted through D1 curve. INCOME Other determinant of demand and supply is the Income of adult. The Toyota Company has to look the income rate of adults before setting their prices. To increase the market share the Toyota has to look the right segment for the right products. As income level goes up the demand for the products also increases. Following charts will show the rightward shift in the demand of the Toyota products which will cause due to the increase in the income level of the population. P S D1 D When demand goes up Toyota has to supply to cope with market needs. The New demand for Toyota products is depicted through D1 curve.    Why is Toyota leading from others? The rise of Japanese manufacturers in the positions of global hegemony in the decades after World War II is well known. In recent years, despite the known problems for Japanese companies like Nissan and Toyota cars worldwide, including continued and even increased its competitiveness. This is based on the philosophy of a competitive advantage, such as the Toyota Production System that is well known. System depends in part on the management of human resources policies, promoting creativity and loyalty of employees, but also and above all, a very efficient network of suppliers, manufacturers of components. Toyota is second on the list, which includes fourteen worlds best manufacturers, including General Motors and Ford. While Honda and Nissan are now also considered high quality cars manufacturers but they can never defeat the Toyota in advantages of suppliers networks, Human resource management and distribution systems in World and in also in the most competitive market United States. Critical Analysis of Toyota: The technology is found all over the world and it is important to experiment for the company is recognized worldwide. In the world of automotive industry, Toyota is considered is to be a leading automobile company from Japan. This status they achieved by spending billions of dollars on new design and innovations in car and mass marketing campaigns. Toyota is in the eyes of consumers has emerged, many cars in the world. Toyota is enjoying a global reputation by building new, innovative and best quality products in affordable prices. As compared to its competitor Toyota is offering lower prices. The quality is the core strategy of the Toyota they do not compromise on it. They believe on a long term relationship with suppliers and with all other stake holders. Typically, the companies do not want to reduce their returns and follow the target strategy is for sale at cost price + profit = Sales prices. But Toyotas is having different approach a bit , which is devised in the car price cos t = profit. Strategic management in all organizations on their activities has a direct impact. This is the reason due to which Toyota is the leading car manufacturers policy; strategic management is attractive which has established in the world. It is easy for your new employees and managers, such as design and installation of the new car, get Training in the Centers which are located near to them. Toyota plans to build more new plants. Toyota is now one of leading automobile dealers due to its strategic management. The result of this strategic architecture, are based on a thorough analysis of corporate resources and skills, as well as the orchestration of strategic resources and capabilities over time in measures of productivity. Product quality of Toyota was compared with five other companies including Nissan, Honda, GM, Ford and Volkswagen. In vehicles problems that Toyota received are one on per hundred vehicles that make top ranked company among industry giants. This is harmonized by a recent test conducted on truck safety, Trucks Insurance Institute of America. In this study, rating of the Toyota Tundra was a good one amongst all its competitors. Impact of additional Assets The Following chart shows the data of productivity of the cars over 6 years from 2003 to 2008 amongst 6 giant car producers including, Ford, GM, Honda, Toyota, Nissan and Volkswagen. Above figure shows the employees productivity over 6 the years for different car producing countries. GM motors show very low productivity in terms of per employee. They start from 10,000 $ per employee which is very low they improve over the years but not as compared to others. In the end of 2008 they can just touched the 12500 dollar per employee productivity. The second company is also showing low results in terms of the productivity for per employee. They have fluctuations over the last 6 years. They started with 10300 $ and in the 2007 they crossed 15000 for per employee. But they went down in 2008 to 10800 $ productivity for per employee. Next company is Ford they are showing good growth over the years. The good thing was its having constant growth. They started with 15600 $ and after a constant growth ended with 25000 $ for per employee at the end of 2008. The Toyota is leading amongst the all; they are showing very good results over the 6 years from 2003 to 2008. They started good and end is also good. Toyota started with record opening of 42500$ per employee productivity. They are improved over the years. In the second year they went down little bit but they recovered from the very next year. They ended with the remarkable ending of 62500 US dollar per employee productivity. Even the world No. 1 company cannot compete with Toyota in terms of productivity. Honda is also showing very good results like the Ford Motors. They started very low from 13500 $ and ended with 23000 $ after 6 years. Nissan is also showing fluctuations over the years and the Volkswagen shown very low results as compared to all. BCG model Analysis: According to BCG analysis we can see Corolla line of products of Toyota is falling in stars that show the high growth rate and high market share as well. In needs a lot of investment because every new cent invested in this category will result in high returns. When we make further BCG matrix of Corolla line of product we found that 2.0 D and 2.0 D saloon these two models fall in stars it means these models are having high growth rate and high market share as well. They can earn much more results. SE saloon and GLi lies in question marks they need analysis to increase market shares. Xli 1.3 falls in cash cows and it has slow growth rate and having high market share. The Cuore Line of products of Toyota are having very high growth rate but very less market share as compared to Corolla line of products. Hilex line of products lies in Cash Cow category that have high market share but now low growth rate. It is also about to saturation point. Conclusions Recommendations Recommendations: The Toyota has achieved its current status by maintaining its product quality now they have market reputation so they never have to compromise on quality in every situation because competition is very strong and no room for mistakes.3 Secondly Toyota has good human resource management system as well it can also improve it to maintain its competitive edge. Toyota have many models which are performing very well in the market but on the other hand there are many other models which are just wasting the resources of the company, Toyota needs to do a brief analysis of them and if it is not possible to bring them in stars then company must have to drop these models. For investors, Toyota is still very good option to invest it is having very well past records, high productivity and huge market share and we can expect future demand as well. Conclusion: The Toyota is considered a place with high job satisfaction and to produce the high quality and customer oriented products. Toyota is one of the leading car producer made so many changes in their own plants and as well as their suppliers units as well. Toyota has adopted very successful system and developed a customer oriented market structure. Over the few years we have seen many drastic changes in the Toyota products which resulted in the high growth and more capital share.

Cowardliness? - Edgar Allan Poe :: essays research papers

Cowardliness? (Edgar Allan Poe – The Masque of the Red Death) Each person is individual. We actually act differently in the same situations. But the situation does not have to be so problematic and so stressing for each of us. Somebody will stay and face the arising problem and somebody will run away as quickly as possible. However still there is something we all have in common, we all hide a coward in ourselves. No matter how powerful, wealthy and strong we are, everybody is scared by something. This fatal fear makes us to do everything possible to avoid it and if there is no other way just to escape from it. But are we therefore cowards? There are lots of kinds of threats. Some of us are afraid of different sorts of animals, some are afraid of height, some are afraid of closed vessel, etc. However, the most usual fear is a fear of death. Also this piece of literature is about such a fear and what it can do to human. Poe chooses plague as his tool of death. He takes his time to perfectly describe how enormous threat such a plague can be: â€Å"No pestilence had ever been so fatal, or so hideous.† Another terrifying fact is that the plague is incredibly quick and therefore there is practically no chance to be cured: â€Å"At the whole seizure, progress and termination of the disease, were the incidents of half and hour.† To support the idea of dread, Poe is also describing the process of the horrible and painful dying: â€Å"There were sharp pains, and sudden dizziness and the profuse bleeding at the pores, with dissolution.† Moreover we can feel a certain respect to it. The author even calls it by a name â€Å"The Red Death† and uses capital letters. He is animating it this way and the reader realises it is not so easy to escape from it. So it is not surprising people are so thrilled by it. Maybe it is also because it is so painful. Maybe because it is extremely quick or maybe because it kills without any control. No matter if you are man, woman or child, if you are young or old, if you are rich or poor, etc. Poe uses a great example of what is human able to do to protect his own life. The Prince Prospero, â€Å"happy, and dauntless and sagacious† man has such a fear that he decides to isolate himself in a big fortress with â€Å"a strong and lofty wall girdled it in.